IR Illuminator & Laser Guide: Picking and Using IR Devices with NVGs

Key Points

• •IR aiming lasers are classified by their peak irradiance (power per area) at the eye
• •IR illuminators are evaluated differently because their beam is diffused/divergent
• •A 100mW illuminator spread over a wide area has lower irradiance than a 0.7mW focused laser
• •This allows civilian-legal illuminators to have much higher total output than the aiming laser

Key Points

• •Class 1: Eye-safe under all conditions of normal use (<0.7mW for most IR wavelengths)
• •Class 1+ (MAWL designation): Exceeds typical Class 1 but still civilian-legal through design controls
• •Class 3R: Low-risk but can cause eye damage with direct long-duration exposure (1-5mW)
• •Class 3B: Medium-power, can cause immediate eye damage—restricted to LE/MIL (5-500mW)

Key Points

• •VCSELs emit from arrays of many small emitters, not a single point source
• •The divergent beam pattern is inherent to the design, not an add-on diffuser
• •Power is spread across a wide angle (e.g., 5-150 mRad), dramatically reducing eye hazard
• •A 100mW illuminator at 100 mRad divergence may have lower irradiance than a 1mW focused laser
• •This is why civilian illuminators can be powerful while aiming lasers are restricted

Key Points

• •Full-power IR lasers are 30-70x more powerful than civilian versions
• •They can cause instant, permanent retinal damage from even brief exposure
• •ITAR (International Traffic in Arms Regulations) also restricts export of these devices
• •Civilian units with identical housings (e.g., DBAL-A3) have drastically reduced laser output
• •Claiming LE/MIL status falsely to purchase restricted devices is a federal crime

Key Points

• •Civilian illuminators often match or exceed LE/MIL illuminator output
• •The aiming laser power difference matters less at ranges under 100 yards
• •Modern VCSEL technology closed much of the historical civilian/military gap
• •For 90% of users, civilian-legal output is more than sufficient
• •The $350 SMS Trinity's 100mW illuminator matches the output of units costing 10x more

Zeroing with Slaved Visible Laser

Most IR devices include a visible laser (usually green) that is co-aligned or 'slaved' to the IR laser. Zero the visible laser during daylight using your day optic, and the IR laser will automatically be zeroed.

Direct IR Zeroing with NVGs

For devices without slaved visible lasers, or to confirm absolute IR accuracy, zero the IR laser directly while viewing through NVGs. This requires night conditions or an indoor range.

Converging Zero

The IR laser is adjusted so its beam intersects the bullet's path at a specific distance (e.g., 50, 100, or 200 yards). At that distance, the laser dot matches POI. Beyond that distance, laser and bullet path diverge.

Parallel (Constant Offset) Zero

The IR laser beam is set parallel to the bore axis, maintaining a constant offset at all distances. This offset remains predictable, which some operators prefer for variable-distance engagements.